(soyez le premier à donner votre avis)
Loading ...
Les émissions de CO2 sont la principale cause du réchauffement climatique du fait du niveau des émissions et de sa durée de vie qui est d’une centaine d’année. Toutefois, miser sur la seule réduction du CO2 serait une erreur, le méthane (CH4) offre des opportunités sur le court terme bien plus intéressantes. Une politique de réduction du méthane permettrait sur le court terme d’attendre les gains plus long termes de la politique sur le CO2. Analyse :
Méthane et CO2, deux comportements différents
Le méthane est le second gaz à effet de serre en importance derrière le gaz carbonique (CO2) avec en 2004 7,5 gigatonnes équivalent CO2 (Gteq) comparés aux 37,6 gigatonnes de CO2 émises dans l’atmosphère, soit un rapport de 1 à 5. Ces chiffres toutefois être relativisés car la conversion en équivalent CO2 compare le potentiel de réchauffement global sur une durée de 100 ans (Gteq100), durée de vie du CO2. Or le méthane a un comportement très différent du CO2 : il est environ cent fois plus puissant que le CO2 en termes d’effet de serre mais sa présence dans l’atmosphère n’est que d’une douzaine d’année. Aussi, si l’on se place à un horizon de 15 ans le méthane représenterait 26,1 Gteq15 soit un rapport de 1 à 1,4.
Méthane et CO2, deux horizons différents.
Sur le long terme il est important de travailler sur le CO2 car avec une durée de vie de plus de 100 ans il y a un risque année après année d’accumulation qui rend le redressement de la tendance de plus en plus dur. Toutefois, il n’est pas possible d’attendre cent ans pour agir et une hausse des températures limitée à 2° nécessiterait une division par deux des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dès 2050. Aussi, sur le court terme, le méthane représente un enjeu du même ordre que le CO2. En travaillant sur les deux gaz à effet de serre nous augmentons nos chances d’atteindre l’objectif de ne pas dépasser le +2°. Cela est d’autant plus important car il existe une réserve de méthane dans le permafrost et au fond des mers du cercle arctique, où il reste piégé par la glace et la pression, qui jouent le rôle d’un couvercle qui est un vraie bombe à retardement.
Réduire les émissions de méthane
Le potentiel que représente le méthane dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique reste inexploité. En effet, sous prétexte que le méthane proviendrait essentiellement de l’élevage des bovins et de la culture du riz, il serait difficile d’y toucher sans imposer au monde un régime végétarien ou affamer les pays du Sud. Cette argumentation présente deux erreurs :
- 56% des émissions de méthane proviennent en fait de l’énergie (grisou des mines, fuites de gaz pétroliers…) et des déchets (décharges d’ordures, boues d’épuration, lisiers…). Or dans ces secteurs, le potentiel de réduction de méthane à bon marché est important. Plusieurs publications récentes montrent que 2 Gteq100 pourraient y être récupérées à court terme et le plus souvent valorisées, pour un coût moyen inférieur au prix du CO2 sur le marché européen du carbone mi-2008 (20€). Or, si nous regardons les effets à l’horizon 2020, une telle suppression serait équivalente à celle de près de 10 milliards de tonnes d’émissions de CO2, soit près de 20% des émissions totales de gaz à effet de serre.
- Par ailleurs, la réduction de l’élevage des bovins est une triple obligation humanitaire : réchauffement climatique, faim dans le monde et pénurie d’eau. En effet, en plus de l’émission de méthane, l’élevage intensif de bœuf: 1. mobilise des surfaces agricoles importantes (323m2 pour produire un kilo de bœuf) et contribue ainsi à la déforestation, à la production d’engrais et autres produits chimiques, 2. Consomme de grandes quantités d’eau (32 000 litres contre seulement 106 pour 1 kg de blé) et 3. Nécessite du transport, transport des aliments, transport des animaux avec des émissions de CO2… L’industrie de la viande menace le planète ! Or, dans les pays occidentaux l’excès de viande de bœuf devient un problème sanitaire. Il devrait donc être simple de réduire notre consommation.
Réduire les émissions de méthane, nous y avons tous intérêt :
- les pays riches, dont les réductions de CO2 à court terme sont entravées par l’inertie de leur économie et de leurs modes de vie ;
- les pays émergents, puisqu’il y a de la marge avant qu’une politique de réduction des émissions de CH4 limite leur développement ;
- enfin la valorisation sous forme de méthane de la décomposition des déchets organiques peut constituer une source d’énergie à bas coût.
Il devient urgent de jeter les bases d’un programme global de réduction du CH4. Et sans attendre que nos gouvernants agissent, modifions nos modes d’alimentation afin de manger mieux et durable. C’est possible sans dépenser plus.
Sources :
- Effet de serre: on oublie le méthane, Alternative Economique
- Climat : la bombe à retardement du méthane est enclenchée, cdurable.info
- An Analysis of Methane Mitigation as a Response to Climate Change, Copenhagen Consensus Center
lipitor 40mg usa – zestril tablet lisinopril oral
buy generic cenforce – cost glucophage 500mg metformin 500mg tablet
Oral Steroids vs Injectable Steroids
Pros and Cons
Oral Steroids:
Convenient: Taken orally, easy to administer.
Fast-acting: Effects are usually noticeable within a short period.
Less frequent injections: Reduces the need for regular needle use.
Injectable Steroids:
Higher bioavailability: More effective in achieving desired results.
Longer duration: Effects may last longer, reducing the
need for frequent administration.
Individualized dosing: Can be adjusted more precisely based on patient needs.
Conclusion
Both oral and injectable steroids have their own advantages and disadvantages.
The choice between them depends on individual preferences, medical recommendations, and specific use cases.
Orals VS Injectable Steroids: Pros And Cons
When it comes to performance enhancement or therapeutic use, the debate between oral and injectable steroids
often arises. Both methods have their own set of advantages and disadvantages, which can make choosing the right option challenging for individuals.
Oral Steroids
Oral steroids are ingested in pill form, making them a convenient option for many users.
They work by being absorbed through the digestive system and entering the
bloodstream, providing systemic effects that can be
beneficial for certain conditions. However, this method also comes with potential downsides.
Oral Steroids Pros
Convenience: Oral steroids are easy to take and digest, making them a preferred
choice for many.
Systemic Effects: The steroid is absorbed into
the bloodstream, ensuring that it reaches all areas of the body where it’s needed.
Oral Steroid Cons
Potential for Side Effects: Oral steroids can have a broader
impact on the body, increasing the risk of side effects compared to localized treatments.
Metabolization Issues: The digestive system can sometimes break
down the steroid before it reaches its intended target,
reducing effectiveness.
Injectable Steroids
Injectable steroids are administered directly into the bloodstream or muscle tissue, providing
a more controlled and localized effect. This method allows for precise dosing and can be more effective in certain scenarios.
Injectable Steroids Pros
Controlled Dosage: Injectables allow users to administer the exact amount of steroid needed, minimizing waste and potential overuse.
Reduced Side Effects: The localized administration often results in fewer systemic side effects compared
to oral steroids.
Injectable Steroid Cons
Requirement for Medical Administration: Injectables must be
administered by a medical professional, which can limit their accessibility and convenience.
Potential for Infection: Using needles carries a risk of infection or scarring, though this is typically manageable
with proper care.
Orals VS Injectable Steroids: Pros and Cons
When deciding between oral and injectable steroids,
it’s essential to consider the specific needs of the user.
For individuals who value convenience and systemic effects, oral steroids may be the better choice.
However, those seeking precision and reduced side effects often opt for injectables.
FAQ
Do Injectable Steroids Produce Better Gains?
steroids.com Phone: (555) 123-4567 Address: 123 Steroid Street, Cityville
buy cenforce 50mg pills – buy cheap glucophage buy glucophage for sale
order atorvastatin 40mg pill – brand lipitor brand zestril 2.5mg
buy cenforce 100mg for sale – chloroquine 250mg us glucophage 1000mg cheap
cheap atorvastatin 20mg – zestril 10mg oral oral lisinopril 10mg
lipitor 80mg cheap – order zestril 2.5mg sale buy zestril 10mg pills
prilosec 20mg usa – omeprazole medication tenormin 100mg pill
order atorvastatin 40mg – buy lisinopril online cheap order generic zestril 2.5mg
buy generic omeprazole – buy omeprazole 20mg for sale buy generic tenormin 50mg
order omeprazole 20mg generic – prilosec usa buy atenolol online
order prilosec 20mg generic – order generic lopressor order generic atenolol 100mg
medrol online buy – order aristocort 4mg online cheap triamcinolone 4mg pills
buy desloratadine without prescription – order dapoxetine 90mg online brand dapoxetine
methylprednisolone uk – cost medrol aristocort pills
purchase depo-medrol without prescription – brand lyrica aristocort 10mg for sale
medrol 16 mg over counter – purchase pregabalin sale cheap aristocort 10mg
clarinex ca – claritin 10mg cheap buy priligy pill
misoprostol pills – buy orlistat online cheap diltiazem drug
buy desloratadine 5mg online cheap – buy desloratadine online cheap buy priligy 30mg online cheap
order desloratadine 5mg pills – buy loratadine for sale oral priligy 60mg
buy generic cytotec 200mcg – order xenical 120mg diltiazem 180mg oral
cytotec online – purchase xenical online cheap order diltiazem 180mg pill
generic cytotec – order cytotec 200mcg for sale cheap diltiazem 180mg
70918248
References:
bodybuilding steroids online
acyclovir drug – zyloprim 100mg us order rosuvastatin 20mg pill
acyclovir ca – order crestor 10mg pill rosuvastatin 10mg us
buy motilium generic – buy tetracycline 500mg sale order flexeril 15mg generic
zovirax 800mg ca – order acyclovir 400mg online purchase rosuvastatin
70918248
References:
What Is Gear Bodybuilding (Https://Www.Cuehive.Com/Esperanzaholbr)
zovirax for sale – order acyclovir 400mg pill crestor 20mg sale
When it involves dosage and cycle size, ladies usually use lower doses of Anavar compared to males due
to their greater sensitivity to androgenic compounds. Oxandrolone dosages for girls often vary from 5-20mg per day, depending on expertise level,
targets, and individual tolerance. It is necessary for ladies to start with a lower dosage and gradually enhance if necessary while
monitoring for any indicators of virilization.
Cycle lengths for girls are typically shorter, sometimes starting from 4-6
weeks. Thus, an Anavar and Clenbuterol cycle will solely result in sooner fat loss with a
reasonable enhance in muscle mass and energy (because of Anavar).
That being mentioned, 9/10 instances, these Steroids are
going for use in a fats loss section seeing as Steroid customers will opt for different injectables
to attempt to increase lean muscle mass.
According to Livestrong, members in a 12-week trial utilizing 20
mg of Anavar per day skilled a 4-pound fat reduction while rising
their muscle mass by 7 pounds. To effectively doc progress while
using Anavar via images, it’s important to take care of consistency.
Emphasis must be placed on capturing images
of the midsection, stomach, and thighs, as these are areas where Anavar-induced fats loss is extra noticeable.
Numerous real-life accounts of people who have utilized Anavar and experienced significant enhancements in muscle tone and general body composition exist.
Let’s take a better look at these transformations via
the lens of photographs and private narratives. The acquisition of Anavar for beauty functions also poses hazards to users, as we’ve discovered counterfeiting
to be frequent with this steroid. A common scam we see is for methandrostenolone (Dianabol) to exchange oxandrolone,
as it is cheaper to supply.
One Other standout characteristic of Anavar is its impact on restoration and
power ranges. Many customers report a rise in power and improved stamina throughout exercises due to Anavar’s capability to stimulate the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the physique.
This can lead to more intense coaching periods and quicker restoration instances between exercises, allowing customers to take
benefit of out of their health club sessions.
In explicit, liver harm is a notable concern when utilizing Anavar, encompassing the potential for cholestatic liver injury, liver tumors, and numerous forms
of hepatic dysfunction. Furthermore, his abs and shoulders are more defined as a end result of appreciable fat loss.
It Is additionally important to notice that Anavar should be taken under the guidance of a medical professional
and it isn’t really helpful for individuals who’ve pre-existing liver
or kidney problems. This can result in a more defined
and toned physique, which is particularly helpful for bodybuilders and athletes.
Although there have been animal studies that suggest it could aid
with fat burning, more analysis is required so as to determine whether or not its effects are similar in humans.
Nevertheless, these outcomes counsel that when mixed with common physical exercise, Anavar could probably be a useful gizmo
for achieving your weight loss goals. Under we current a systematic overview of what female and male customers may experience after two weeks of Anavar utilization.
Anvarol is a natural complement that’s designed to spice up muscle development, improve strength,
and promote fat loss whereas maintaining lean muscle mass.
One of the principle advantages of Anavar is its capability to increase muscle mass
and strength while simultaneously burning fats. This makes it a
popular choice for athletes seeking to enhance their efficiency without including excess weight.
Additionally, Anavar is understood for its low danger of causing androgenic unwanted facet effects corresponding to zits and hair loss, making it a
safer option for each women and men. Anavar and Masteron are
two of the most popular anabolic steroids used in the bodybuilding and fitness communities.
Each are recognized for their capability to assist build lean muscle mass and promote fat loss.
Anavar, additionally identified by its generic name Oxandrolone, is an oral anabolic steroid that has gained popularity amongst athletes, bodybuilders, and health lovers.
Developed within the 1960s, it was initially used for
medical functions, notably for promoting weight acquire in patients affected by muscle-wasting circumstances
or recovering from surgeries. Nevertheless,
its remarkable effects on enhancing efficiency and physique quickly caught the attention of the
fitness community. Anavar works by increasing the variety of muscle fibers that may contract, leading to increased energy and size.
In other words, if you search to get a ripped and shredded physique
then this stack is not your greatest option for you.
Anavar and Winstrol, though versatile for chopping and bulking, have different potencies.
Winstrol enhances bulk and strength, while Anavar preserves muscle during chopping.
The two steroids may vary in dosages, cycle durations, and stacking preferences.
Winstrol reduces water retention and improves muscle definition, while Anavar has a
restricted impact. These narratives inspire us to push our
limits and pursue our fitness goals with unwavering dedication.
If you experience any of these side effects while utilizing Anavar, you will need to seek medical attention instantly.
One purpose why Andarine is significantly less popular than Ostarine in analysis could also
be attributed to its adverse impacts on ocular health in sure users.
Such momentary deterioration in vision, relating to brilliant lights, is a phenomenon that does not occur with different SARMs.
We observe fewer side effects amongst intermediates on Dianabol who have beforehand
utilized a gentle anabolic steroid, such as testosterone.
For females, the chance of masculinization increases when dosages exceed 10 mg
per day or cycles surpass four weeks. We generally observe
cautiously dosed testosterone cycles adding 20 pounds of lean mass to newcomers.
The androgenic essence of testosterone will also end in adipose tissue loss.
It also has a protracted half-life of 16 hours, meaning it stays lively within the body for a longer
time. HGH is mostly administered via injection; nevertheless,
several anabolic steroids can be found in oral kind.
This legal different offers you the continued energy and explosive strength you should push your exercises more durable and longer whilst shredding fat for a harder, sharper, leaner physique.
It’s made up of all-natural elements that mimic the thermogenic
and performance-enhancing results of clenbuterol without the harmful side effects.
There are lots of variables to assume about when figuring out the best dosage of Clenbuterol for
an individual. Age, weight, gender, experience with the
drug, and different medicines being taken can all have an effect on the optimum dose.
Those like Lee Priest or outspoken bodybuilder
‘Aarron Lambo’ who usually are not afraid to talk up and reveal
a few of the darker secrets of the bodybuilding world.
In future Anavar cycles, 20mg could also be used from the first week onward; and the length of a cycle may be elevated to 8 weeks.
So many ladies use Anavar today, which is why one of its nicknames is – the ‘girl steroid’.
This is as a result of no different steroid produces such delicate unwanted aspect effects in females.
This testosterone-suppressing impact nevertheless is prone to be mild, with endogenous testosterone ranges often recovering in a matter
of weeks or a few months. Anavar is a relatively delicate
steroid, in comparison with other AAS similar to trenbolone or anadrol.
However, anavar’s a banned substance and is towards the law to buy in lots of countries – without a prescription (including US
and UK).
References:
before after steroids pictures
order motilium 10mg for sale – motilium 10mg usa order flexeril sale
domperidone where to buy – buy tetracycline paypal order flexeril 15mg generic
Thanks for finally writing about > Carbone, méthane et viande de bœuf | Zebres < Loved it!
motilium 10mg pills – buy tetracycline 500mg online buy cheap generic flexeril
One of its popular advantages is its ability to
enhance joint well being, which is usually a priority for
people who interact in intense weightlifting and energy training.
Anavar and Ostarine are each used within the realm of
sports activities efficiency and bodybuilding due to their potential to boost muscle
power and lean muscle mass. Its distinctive capability
to protect lean muscle whereas incinerating extra fat makes it a most well-liked
selection for athletes aiming to achieve a shredded,
competition-ready physique. By enhancing metabolic activity and facilitating a extra defined appearance, Winstrol has earned its place as a cornerstone
of cutting regimens worldwide. One Other important good factor about Var is its
capability to reinforce fats burning and contribute to improved
muscle definition. It increases metabolic fee, permitting the physique to burn calories extra effectively.
Elevated purple blood cell depend improves oxygen-carrying capability, resulting in enhanced endurance and stamina throughout workouts.
With better oxygen supply to muscle tissue, people can push themselves harder, carry out
more repetitions, and experience much less fatigue. The capacity
to maintain high-intensity exercises for extended
durations can contribute to additional gains in muscle
mass and total efficiency. While Winstrol and
Anavar are thought of milder anabolic steroids, they still possess the potential
for androgenic side effects. These could embrace zits, oily pores and skin, hair loss (in individuals
predisposed to male sample baldness), and facial or physique hair progress (in women).
Nonetheless, in comparison with different compounds, the danger
of severe androgenic side effects with Winstrol plus Anavar is relatively low.
Anavar will dramatically spike testosterone levels,
whilst growing protein synthesis and nitrogen retention. This shifts the body into
an anabolic setting the place the body’s muscle-building
potential increases. In summary, each Anavar and Winstrol current distinct benefits and potential
unwanted aspect effects. Anavar appears to be more light and versatile,
while Winstrol delivers more potent outcomes but with higher
risks.
In the Winstrol versus Anavar debate, the choice varies among bodybuilders, with some favoring one over the other for various reasons,
which we will discover. Nonetheless, regarding the effectiveness of each, it’s
generally accepted that Winstrol holds a better efficiency.
Winstrol is not one of many monster steroids that will explode you in every week,
however it’s a superb addition to a few of your Test-only
cycles that don’t seem to work as you’d expect them. Even though Winstrol will STILL give you
notable strength gains, it’s not its only property.
And with Anavar, energy boost is amongst the few extremely pronounce benefits.
Both Winstrol and Anavar are dietary supplements for
cutting, fat loss, and strength.
It is critical to adhere to the appropriate dosage and cycle size to scale back the hazard of adverse effects.
Nevertheless, when the dose is further increased to 80mg
per day, Anavar can scale back HDL ldl cholesterol by a major 50%.
If the dosage is increased to 40 or 80 mg per day, it could trigger appreciable liver stress.
As A Result Of of excessive pumps, bodybuilders typically discover it troublesome to do deadlifts.
In such a case, taurine supplementation is likely to scale
back muscle fullness and ATP levels in the muscle cells.
As far as Anavar is worried, the first Anavar cycle itself is in all probability going that can help you achieve
someplace near 10 lbs of muscle mass. ACut may help burn fat shortly and is nice
for chopping and shaping up abs.
Increasing the day by day dose of Anavar
to 40mg per day, nevertheless, results in solely a slight change in your
lipid profile. One of the problems with Winstrol is
that it results in extreme intracellular water depletion which tends to make your muscle tissue look flat.
Nevertheless, Winstrol is a more potent steroid and it may possibly
allow you to acquire shut to fifteen lbs. As far because the chemical structure of those two steroids is worried, they’re each DHT derivatives.
In other words, the chemical structure of these two compounds is quite comparable.
The similar may be mentioned for coming off Anavar the place
you slowly lower the dose rather than just abruptly stopping and stunning your physique.
#1 Enhance In Energy – customers experience distinctive levels of energy when taking anavar,
making it top-of-the-line steroids to take if you’re making an attempt
to set new PR’s in the health club. Like with other anabolic steroids,
Anavar is unlawful in most international locations,
except you may have a prescription out of your doctor.
Always consult with a medical skilled earlier than beginning any steroid cycle.
Anavar is favored by these looking for lean muscle positive aspects, elevated energy, and minimal unwanted
side effects. On the other hand, Tbol, brief for Turinabol,
is a by-product of Dianabol with decrease androgenic properties and no estrogenic
unwanted effects. Tbol is known for its capability to advertise lean muscle
mass, power, and endurance whereas maintaining water retention to a minimal.
The Var and Clenbuterol cycle might be the most common fats loss combination the place each steroids and
non-androgenic PEDs are involved. Anavar is the anabolic factor
that is used to take care of lean muscle mass ranges (or
perhaps improve them), and Clenbuterol is used to burn fat.
Each these steroids are recognized to own a methyl group at the carbon 17-alpha place.
Now, this helps to protect organic availability
when they are actually administered. IJOHMR Journal
is an Open-access, Peer Reviewed, Listed, Bi-monthly journal publishing research articles
from varied sub-disciplines of Medication and Dentistry.
The journal serves as a wholesome platform for Undergraduates/ Post Graduates college students as well as
other researchers to share their knowledge, expertise and
findings with the world. Anavar is a modified type of
testosterone, the place a substitution of an oxygen atom in place of a
carbon atom is made on the second carbon within the A-ring of the steroid’s structure.
It is usually believed that because Anadrol produces harsh side effects in men (some of that are androgenic), it will additionally cause
the identical masculine effects in ladies. In medical analysis,
when ladies take megadoses of Anadrol for very lengthy durations of time,
masculinization does not occur. There is ample analysis to counsel that Anadrol is amongst the greatest steroids for ladies,
in phrases of those who want to keep away from virilization. We have treated patients after taking
Anadrol, trenbolone, and testosterone simultaneously, and their results
have been noteworthy. TUDCA must be taken throughout and after cycles to supply as
much safety to the liver as potential. To combat the onset of
gynecomastia throughout a cycle, our sufferers will usually take a SERM
(such as Nolvadex) to reduce back heightened estrogen levels in the breast
tissue. To combat this and maintain optimum sexual perform, we prescribe Dostinex, otherwise generally identified as cabergoline.
However, it is important to note that therapeutic doses are a
fraction of what bodybuilders utilize today. Thus, supraphysiological doses of Anadrol pose
considerable dangers to customers, particularly to the
heart and liver. Testosterone is one other bulking steroid that will significantly enhance muscle and strength gains when stacked with Anadrol.
This duo is amongst the most potent combinations for mass in our experience.
As Anadrol is greatest utilized in the off-season, the following cycles
on this article are tailored for bulking. Anadrol may additionally
be used for chopping; nevertheless, because of potential water retention and bloating, it’s a much less
common protocol.
References:
mike chang steroids
When I originally commented I clicked the « Notify me when new comments are added » checkbox and now each
time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment.
Is there any way you can remove people from that service?
Thank you!
motilium 10mg cost – buy cheap motilium brand cyclobenzaprine 15mg
buy generic inderal 10mg – methotrexate 10mg pill buy methotrexate pills for sale